Liberation theology
the hermeneutic inversion of Dasein through the anguish of the poor
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48075/aoristo.v9i1.37504Keywords:
Hermeneutics of facticity, Liberation Theology, Dasein, AnguishAbstract
In the work Being and Time, preceded by the course entitled Ontology: Hermeneutics of facticity, Martin Heidegger formulated a new form of hermeneutics, focused on the issue of historical consciousness. For the philosopher, the task of interpretation starts from factual life understood as an original phenomenon from which the interpreter is guided to analyze his object, which cannot be
analyzed according to traditional hermeneutic schemes, as they end up making his ontological understanding unfeasible, distant from the way man relates to the surrounding world. The hermeneutics of facticity would therefore be an ontological method of understanding the existential structure of being, which occurs through anguish, but which is not to be confused with the being
there of the being to be known. In this sense, the question arises of the meaning of liberation theology and its proposal to overcome the situation of exploitation and oppression of the existential situation of the poor, through political praxis. Despite the evangelical option of the Gospels for the poor, this theology is criticized by the Magisterium of the Catholic Church and by Apostolic Tradition.
Therefore, this work aims to analyze Liberation Theology through the ontological method proposed by Heidegger in order to distinguish what anguish and Dasein are in this theology. To do this, it will be necessary to expose Heidegger's hermeneutical philosophy, in order to analyze the theoretical foundation of liberation theology and then understand anguish and its ontological meaning, as well
as the epistemological problems that underlie the criticism of its main idea. The importance of this problem is relevant not only for Theology but also for all those who are exploited and oppressed, since epistemological mistakes can result in the opposite of the proposal for the liberation of the poor, in addition to the instrumentalization of the faith of those who are most vulnerable. This is
because, before being poor and exploited, these beings are human beings and their Dasein is not confused with the situation they experience in the world and causes them anguish. This is research that used the inductive approach method, basically based on explanatory bibliographical research.
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