Body composition and oxygen consumption: a review study

Abstract

The study reviews the literature to analyze the association between maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and body composition parameters, focusing on how these elements interact in physical performance and cardiovascular health. Body composition, often measured in physical activity centers, is usually associated with VO2max as an indicator of aerobic fitness. Analyzed studies indicate that high levels of body fat are inversely proportional to oxygen consumption, while individuals with higher lean body mass show better aerobic performance. Early research, such as that of Buskirk & Taylor (1957), shows a strong correlation between VO2max and lean body mass (r = 0.85), reinforcing the relevance of this metric in cardiorespiratory fitness assessments. Later studies confirmed this relationship but highlighted that excess body fat alone does not directly influence maximum aerobic performance, being more relevant in activities involving body displacement, such as running. Additionally, significant differences in the VO2max/body composition relationship were observed between genders and age groups. The review concludes that, for young adults and adolescents, lean body mass is the best predictor of aerobic performance. However, in women and the elderly, body composition presents specificities that require further investigation. Body fat, when maintained at high levels for long periods, significantly contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases in older populations. Thus, the study reinforces the importance of personalized approaches in exercise prescription.