Da loucura ao transtorno mental: a constituição de políticas sociais e seus pressupostos

Abstract

This paper is the result of theoretical and professional concerns, and subsequentlydiscussed in Research Group of Foundations of Social Work: Work and Social Issue3,and aims to promote a discussion how about the construction of historical madness, providedideas and guidelines for implementation of social policy over time. This discussion is basedon Foucault’s readings, his genealogical approach of the phenomenon, and how his theory isunderstood in the modern period from the establishment of a specific and authorized knowledge/power.For a long time, crazy people was approached with unwanted ones, establishing a strong linkbetween the figure of the insane and criminal, justifying the exclusion and incarceration ofthem. Only from the second half of the nineteenth century, the asylum model based on Pinel,enter into crisis and starts the movement of French and English non- psychiatry. In 80 years,workers in mental health, all over the country, organized themselves for the Brazilian projectof non-institutionalization of psychiatric treatment, culminating in 2001 with the enactmentof Law number 10216, which proposes a humane treatment to mentally ill people and reversalof the asylum type for public community services.