FAMILIAR WITH THE TASK: HOW FAR CAN PROMOTE COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT?
Keywords:
Aprendizagem, Desenvolvimento cognitivo.Abstract
The professional education starts in infancy, since the basic school education
already comprises some abilities and some knowledge required for the professional areas. In
fact, school represents the main institution to mediate the transmission of systematized
knowledge, contributing to the development of the logical thinking. Piaget (1972) states that
the subjects can develop the formal structures at the endogenous level, although they do notuse these structures in the same way. It was thought that the individuals could think in a
hypothetical-deductive way in their professions; however, since they are not attending formal
education anymore, they apparently could not present a hypothetical-deductive thinking
when they are required to undertake the Piagetian tasks. For this reason, this study aimed to
carefully investigate this issues by comparing the results found by Szymanski (1983a) in the
Piagetian tests, in which 90% of the subjects had been classified at the pre-operational or
concrete operational level, and the performance of the same subjects in the task “Filling out
of the Graph Table” related to their activities – therefore, familiar tasks – which demand the
formal operational level of thinking for their execution. It was still thought that the subjects
could be at the Formal Operational Stage, under the endogenous viewpoint, but their mental
structures would be only used operationally, in this sense, in the everyday situations. The
majority of the subjects were classified as GOOD in their performance of the familiar task
“Filling out of the Graph Table”, but it was found that low values in the table corresponded
to low values in the final score obtained in the Piagetian tests, showing correlation between
these two variables (Kendall). In order to investigate this issue more carefully, the heads of
the Nursing Department of the three biggest hospitals in town were interviewed, and they
stated that not all students are skilled for the task “Filling out of the Graph Table” at the end
of the course. However, with time and with the supervision of a more experienced attendant
(Zone of Proximal Development), all employees can undertake the task successfully.
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