Ontology and literature in Sartre

appeals to new world meanings

Abstract

The profusion of ontological theories developed in the History of Philosophy provides foundations for understanding human individuality, and, therefore, collective action. However, in many cases, such profusion of theories results in directives for actions based on overrated precepts of life models. Not aligned with this context, a thought aimed at deconstructing human determinism and giving legitimacy to the inalienable power of choice is necessary. Not choosing is not an option, yet it is common for people to deny their freedom. Sartre's philosophy demonstrates how we are freedom from any proposed definition of being human, a condition that historically places us in an antagonistic position. On the one hand, we can be whatever we want. On the other hand, we have the burden of responsibility inherent in our existence. Thus, the very thing that gives us creative power can also be what impels us to act in bad faith. Projecting into life requires responsibility in every act, based on original and committed choices. Therefore, an act will never be isolated, even if it is free of precedents: it will always be for oneself and others. Sartre's thoughts are therefore considered a proposal for an ethical movement for creating universal values. This ontology is evident in both his philosophical work and his literature since understanding it as an appeal to freedom means it is also an engaged philosophy. Such engagement happens from the writer to the reader, in which the reader may or may not adhere to the writer who projects into the world as value and universal appeal. This intersubjectivity provides fertile ground for creation and, consequently, new projections into the world, whether with new literature or other actions based on literature. In this sense, the article aims to investigate and present key points of the metaphysical basis of Sartre’s ontology based on its main concepts regarding freedom and their relationship with the world. Furthermore, along with Sartre’s ontological-literary proposal, the article provides an opportunity to impel the subject to engage in creating new values.