Selenium: a trace element for human and vegetables

Resumo

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for the growth, development and metabolism of animals, including humans. It is an integral part of a set of proteins, the selenoproteins, with antioxidant action, involved in the metabolism of thyroid hormones, growth regulation, cell viability, immune system functions and reproduction. This element fulfils the same function in vegetables, although it does not play an essential role in their nutrition, so it is currently included in the group of beneficial elements. It is introduced into the food chain by ingesting plants and products derived from them. Plants assimilate Se compounds, present in the soil, mainly in the form of inorganic compounds of selenate (Se⁶⁺) and selenite (Se⁴⁺). Both have water solubility and are part of the metabolic processes that occur in humans. In view of the above, the objectives of this literature review were to present information on some of the main aspects of selenium for humans and plants, describing its forms of absorption, benefits, problems related to its deficiency and its use in food biofortification. Selenium (Se) has several benefits for plants and human health, and for humans, when administered in ideal concentrations. In addition to providing a healthy diet, it can act as an antioxidant, playing an important role in protecting against viral infections.